Research article

No hypoperfusion is produced in the epicardium during application of myocardial topical negative pressure in a porcine model

Sandra Lindstedt¹ , Malin Malmsjö² and Richard Ingemansson¹

¹  Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden

²  Department of Medicine, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden

author email corresponding author email

Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery 2007, 2:53doi:10.1186/1749-8090-2-53

Published:	6 December 2007

Abstract

Background

Topical negative pressure (TNP), commonly used in wound therapy, has been shown to increase blood flow and stimulate angiogenesis in skeletal muscle. We have previously shown that a myocardial TNP of -50 mmHg significantly increases microvascular blood flow in the myocardium. When TPN is used in wound therapy (on skeletal and subcutaneous tissue) a zone of relative hypoperfusion is seen close to the wound edge. Hypoperfusion induced by TNP is thought to depend on tissue density, distance from the negative pressure source, and the amount negative pressure applied. When applying TNP to the myocardium, a significant, long-standing zone of hypoperfusion could theoretically cause ischemia, and negative effects on the myocardium. The current study was designed to elucidate whether hypoperfusion was produced during myocardial TNP.

Methods

Six pigs underwent median sternotomy. Laser Doppler probes were inserted horizontally into the heart muscle in the LAD area, at depths of approximately, 1–2 mm. The microvascular blood flow was measured before and after the application of a TNP. Analyses were performed before left anterior descending artery (LAD) occlusion (normal myocardium) and after 20 minutes of LAD occlusion (ischemic myocardium).

Results

A TNP of -50 mmHg induced a significant increase in microvascular blood flow in normal myocardium (**p = 0.01), while -125 mmHg did not significantly alter the microvascular blood flow. In ischemic myocardium a TNP of -50 mmHg induced a significant increase in microvascular blood flow (*p = 0.04), while -125 mmHg did not significantly alter the microvascular blood flow.

Conclusion

No hypoperfusion could be observed in the epicardium in neither normal nor ischemic myocardium during myocardial TNP.