Table 5

Hazard Ratios for death at any time after registration for CABG for treated patients relative to untreated patients and for post-operative death for patients who had surgery within target times relative to those who had surgery after target times (figures in brackets are 95-percent confidence interval)


Semi-urgent group
Non-urgent group

Overall survival, time-dependent treatment effect*


No. of deaths/no. of patients


     Treated patients
517/5,792
95/1,524
     Untreated patients
152/541
69/363



Model I, Treatment indicator


     Treated vs Untreated


          Unadjusted hazard ratio
0.53 (0.43–0.65)
0.42 (0.30–0.59)
          Adjusted hazard ratio
0.54 (0.44–0.66)
0.45 (0.32–0.63)



Model II, Treatment by target time


     Early Surgery vs Untreated


          Unadjusted hazard ratio
0.47 (0.37–0.59)
0.35 (0.23–0.55)
          Adjusted hazard ratio
0.45 (0.36–0.58)
0.36 (0.23–0.56)
     Late Surgery vs Untreated


          Unadjusted hazard ratio
0.58 (0.47–0.73)
0.47 (0.32–0.68)
          Adjusted hazard ratio
0.61 (0.49–0.76)
0.51 (0.35–0.74)



Model III, Treatment by target time and admission type


     Early Surgery vs Untreated


          Unadjusted hazard ratio
0.47 (0.37–0.60)
0.32 (0.20–0.51)
          Adjusted hazard ratio
0.45 (0.36–0.58)
0.33 (0.20–0.53)
     Late Surgery vs Untreated


          Unadjusted hazard ratio
0.58 (0.46–0.73)
0.46 (0.32–0.67)
          Adjusted hazard ratio
0.61 (0.48–0.76)
0.51 (0.35–0.74)
     Unplanned Emergency vs Untreated


          Unadjusted hazard ratio
0.51 (0.31–0.84)
0.80 (0.37–1.76)
          Adjusted hazard ratio
0.52 (0.32–0.87)
0.73 (0.33–1.63)



Long-term post-operative survival


No. of deaths/follow-up yrs


     Early Surgery
153/8,409
31/2,121
     Late Surgery
303/13,883
64/3,648
          Unadjusted hazard ratio
0.85 (0.70–1.03)
0.84 (0.55–1.29)
          Adjusted hazard ratio
0.79 (0.65–0.96)
0.86 (0.55–1.33)

*Among 8,220 patients who were registered to undergo CABG.

†Within five years after discharge date among 7,153 patients who underwent surgery and did not die in hospital, after removal of 66 patients with invalid discharge dates

Target Time = Recommended time

Sobolev et al. Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery 2008 3:47   doi:10.1186/1749-8090-3-47