Open Access Research article

Acute hyponatremia after cardioplegia by histidine-tryptophane-ketoglutarate – a retrospective study

Gregor Lindner1*, Bernhard Zapletal2, Christoph Schwarz3, Wilfried Wisser4, Michael Hiesmayr2 and Andrea Lassnigg2

Author Affiliations

1 Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland

2 Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

3 Department of Nephrology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

4 Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

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Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery 2012, 7:52 doi:10.1186/1749-8090-7-52

Published: 10 June 2012

Abstract

Background

Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder in hospitalized patients and is known to be associated with increased mortality. The administration of antegrade single-shot, up to two liters, histidine-tryptophane-ketoglutarate (HTK) solution for adequate electromechanical cardiac arrest and myocardial preservation during minimally invasive aortic valve replacement (MIAVR) is a standard procedure. We aimed to determine the impact of HTK infusion on electrolyte and acid–base balance.

Methods

In this retrospective analysis we reviewed data on patient characteristics, type of surgery, arterial blood gas analysis during surgery and intra-/postoperative laboratory results of patients receiving surgery for MIAVR at a large tertiary care university hospital.

Results

A total of 25 patients were included in the study. All patients were normonatremic at start of surgery. All patients developed hyponatremia after administration of HTK solution with a significant drop of serum sodium of 15 mmol/L (p < 0.01). Measured osmolality did not change during all times of surgery compared to start of surgery (p = 0.28 – p = 0.79), indicating isotonic hyponatremia. After administration of HTK solution pH fell significantly due to development of metabolic acidosis.

Conclusions

Acute hyponatremia during cardioplegia with HTK solution is isotonic and should probably not be corrected without presence of hypotonicity as confirmed by measurement of serum osmolality.

Keywords:
Hyponatremia; Minimally invasive aortic valve replacement; Bretschneider cardioplegia